Operation to restore the blood supply to the heart muscle by creating a new route (bypass) for the blood to flow around the blockage in the coronary arteries. Typically we use the veins from the lower extremity or an artery from within the chest (left internal mammary artery). This operation can be performed on a beating heart or traditionally by utilizing the heart and lung machine. This is the most common operation performed on the human heart.
Correction of dysfunctional valve either by repair (if insufficient) of by replacement with prosthetic or artificial valve made of metal or plastic. One option is a bio-prosthesis made of natural tissues taken from animals (bovine pericardium or a pig valve).
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| Mechanical - tilting disc valve | Bovine pericardium valve prosthesis |
